Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is central to CA&S' commitment to environmental stewardship and sustainable growth. Emissions from fuel consumption, electricity use and supply chain activities contribute to climate change, posing risks to ecosystems, communities and long-term business resilience. Recognising these challenges, CA&S is actively pursuing opportunities to lower its carbon footprint through initiatives such as fleet electrification, renewable energy adoption and circular packaging solutions. These actions not only mitigate environmental impact, but also unlock efficiencies and innovation, reinforcing our role as a responsible corporate citizen and supporting global climate goals.
Prior year: 14 662 tCO₂e
Sources owned or controlled by the group, including generators, refrigeration and air-conditioning units.
Prior year: 4 335 tCO₂e
Consumption of purchased electricity from sources not owned or controlled by the group, such as electricity utilities like Eskom.
Prior year: 20 074 tCO₂e
Indirect emissions (excluding purchased electricity, heat or steam) resulting from upstream and downstream activities relevant to the group.
CA&S Group emissions by Scope
| Group | Baseline | ||
| CA&S Group's emissions in tonnes of CO₂e by Scope | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scope 1 | 15 335 | 14 662 | 14 388 |
| Stationary fuel | 38 | 36 | 71 |
| Fugitive gas | 40 | 6 | 1 039 |
| Mobile fuel | 15 256 | 14 620 | 13 278 |
| Scope 2 | 4 359 | 4 335 | 4 233 |
| Purchased electricity | — | — | |
| Total Scope 1 and Scope 2 | 19 694 | 18 997 | 18 621 |
| Scope 3 | 19 280 | 20 074 | |
| Purchased goods and services (paper and water) | 131 | 159 | |
| Fuel- and energy-related activities | 5 049 | 4 904 | |
| Upstream transportation | 4 180 | 4 474 | |
| Waste generated | 7 364 | 7 793 | |
| Business travel | 641 | 724 | |
| Downstream transportation | 1 915 | 2 020 | |
| Total | 38 974 | 39 071 | |
Emissions intensity
Intensity metrics compare CO₂e emissions relative to operational factors such as full-time employees (FTE), floor area, production volumes or financial measures. These metrics are typically based on Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions.
| Group | Baseline | ||
| Intensity metrics | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|
| tCO₂e / total FTE | 1.267 | 1.213 | 1.338 |
| tCO₂e / total m² | 0.137 | 0.137 | 0.152 |
| tCO₂e / Rm revenue | 1.537 | 1.517 | 1.712 |
Methodologies and assumptions
Our carbon footprint is calculated according to the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard (GHG Protocol) methodology, which mandates the inclusion of all direct emissions under Scope 1 and indirect emissions under Scope 2. Emissions are calculated using emission factors and reported as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e) gases.
Since 2024, we conducted our carbon footprint assessment, focusing on Scopes 1, 2 and certain categories of Scope 3 emissions, calculated by a third-party expert service provider.
Outside of Scopes Emissions
Outside of Scopes emissions refer to GHGs not incorporated under the Kyoto Protocol Agreement. These include HCFC-22 (Freon or R-22), which is still used as gas refills in air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment in South Africa. However, in FY2025, these emissions were not applicable to CA&S as no non-Kyoto Protocol gases were known to be consumed by the group. Therefore, there were no emissions falling outside of Scopes for the group in FY2025.
Organisational Boundary
Emissions generated by certain facilities and entities are excluded from the reporting boundary, as they have either not been in use during the reporting period, or vacated before the end of the reporting period. In the latter case, electricity consumption data is reported and included in the metrics for the period of occupation.
Boundaries and Exclusions
Organisational boundaries are crucial for determining which of our business units, facilities and physical locations are included in the GHG inventory. Exclusions and assumptions are essential to note as they provide transparency regarding the boundaries and limitations of the carbon footprint assessment. In addition to the nine subsidiaries of the group that were included in the prior year boundary, three additional entities were included within the reporting boundary for the first time in 2025.
Operational Exclusions and Assumptions
Operational exclusions and assumptions for CA&S Group in FY2025 were documented across different emission Scopes. In Scope 1, data for Zambia was excluded due to no availability. For Scope 2, assumptions were made due to electricity supply being included in rental agreements. Scope 3 categories included selected categories, of which landfill waste was excluded for some facilities where data was not available.